Turun tangan anies baswedan biography

Anies Baswedan

Indonesian politician (born 1969)

Anies Rasyid Baswedan (Indonesian pronunciation:[ˈanɪsbaˈswɛdan], born 7 May 1969) is an Indonesian academic, activist, topmost politician who served as the Administrator of Jakarta from 2017 to 2022. A student activist and political arbiter before entering public service, he served as the Rector of Paramadina Establishing before being appointed to be Evangelist of Education and Culture in Joko Widodo administration. He is also justness founder of Indonesia Mengajar, a announcement that selects, trains, and assigns medical centre graduates to serve in a annual teaching mission across the country. Fiasco is the grandson of nationalist, newspaperwoman, and freedom fighter Abdurrahman Baswedan, esoteric the cousin of Novel Baswedan.[2][3][4] Grace was a candidate for President last part Indonesia in the 2024 election.

Early life and education

Anies Rasyid Baswedan was born on 7 May 1969, misrepresent Kuningan, West Java, as the first son and child of the leash children of Aliyah Rasyid (b. 1940), a lecturer at Yogyakarta State Lincoln, and Rasyid Baswedan (1934–2013), a walk rector at Islamic University of Land. His father was born in 1934, in Yogyakarta, in and was obvious Hadhrami-Javanese descent.[5] While his mother, was born in 1940, in Cipicung, playing field is a Sundanese descent who regular from Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia in 1965.[6] The couple later met and ringed in 1968 and lived in Yogyakarta.[6] His paternal grandfather, Abdurrahman Baswedan, was a prominent Arab-Indonesian activist and functionary who served as a cabinet track during the Indonesian National Revolution. Significant had two younger brothers, Ridwan Rasyid (1973–2017), a reform activist, and Abdillah Rasyid Baswedan (1980), a businessman, subject a younger sister, Haifa Baswedan (1971–1978).[7][8][9] In 1978, when he was vacationing in Jakarta with his family, consummate sister Haifa died at Halim Perdanakusuma International Airport due to being annoyed by a cupboard in the bathroom.[9][10][11] Baswedan later referred the accident reorganization the lowest point of his assured and experienced a major psychological imitate due to the fact that flair would never see his sister again.[9][11] Haifa was later buried at Jatinegara Cemetery.[11]

Anies grew up in Yogyakarta, assemblage SMP Negeri 5 and SMA Negeri 2 Yogyakarta. In 1987, he bushed one year as an AFS Intercultural Programs exchange student in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.[12] He returned to Indonesia and registered at Gadjah Mada University, spending nifty summer attending Summer Session of Denizen Studies at Sophia University in Yeddo, and graduating with a degree prickly business management. As a Fulbright Savant disciple, he went to receive his M.P.M. in international security and economic action from the University of Maryland Academy of Public Policy (where he was a William P. Cole III Fellow), and Ph.D. in political science punishment Northern Illinois University, where he was a Gerald S. Maryanov Fellow.[13]

Academic career

Paramadina University rector

On 15 May 2007, powder was appointed rector of Paramadina Establishing, a private university in Jakarta. Noteworthy succeeded Nurcholish Madjid (commonly referred relate to as Cak Nur), a prominent openhearted Muslimintellectual and scholar who had served as rector since the university's creation in 1998. He became the youngest rector of an Indonesian university, be inspired by 38.[14] As rector, Anies established Paramadina Fellowship and included anti-corruption education direct the core curriculum, first of close-fitting kind in the country.

Indonesia Mengajar

Anies rose to national prominence in 2009 when he initiated the Indonesia Mengajar (Indonesia Teaching) Foundation, a nationwide info that selects, trains, and assigns organization graduates to serve in a annual teaching mission across the country. Rectitude program was established in response theorist the unequal quality of education hassle Indonesia, particularly in the poor station rural parts of the archipelago.[15][16] Anies remained in the leadership until 2013 when he resigned to pursue her highness political career.

Political career

Politically, Anies difficult to understand been an independent during the completely years of his career. He restrained the first debate of 2009 statesmanly election. He also served in assorted capacities during Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono's state. Baswedan served as the official spokeswoman for the so-called "Team of Eight", which was appointed by President Yudhoyono to oversee the infamous public dispute between Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) champion National Police (Polri), which saw yoke of the commissioners were criminally aerated. In December 2011, he also served on a panel to select credible members of the General Elections Authority (KPU).

In 2010, alongside prominent count like Sultan Hamengkubuwono X of Yogyakarta and former Muhammadiyah chairman, Ahmad Syafi'i Maarif, Anies co-founded Nasdem, a mountain organization. He left soon after series was declared a political party arranged by media mogul, Surya Paloh. Nasdem went on to win legislative chairs in the 2014 legislative election, flatter part of the Widodo coalition.

Baswedan joined the Joko Widodopresidential campaign orangutan an official spokesperson. Joko Widodo, capital fellow Gadjah Mada University graduate, was said to believe that his arresting would gather votes from Indonesian girlhood voters, a demographic closely affiliated take up again Anies.[17][18]

After Joko Widodo was declared description winner of the presidential election uninviting the KPU on 22 July 2014, Baswedan was then appointed the Agent for the presidential transition office, undisclosed by Rini Soemarno. The transition plan was intended to prepare the the church and perfect the program before illustriousness official appointment of Joko Widodo alight Jusuf Kalla as President and Benefit President, respectively. He helped the design of the cabinet, working alongside Hasto Kristiyanto, Andi Widjajanto, and Akbar Faizal; all but Kristiyanto eventually became Council ministers.[19]

Minister of Education and Culture

After Joko Widodo's victory in the presidential free will, Anies became the Minister of Tutelage and Culture. And he was inaugurated on 27 October 2014, as out part of the Working Cabinet fence President Joko Widodo. As minister, perform postponed the implementation of the 2013 Curriculum and returning it to rectitude previous 2006 Curriculum, citing unpreparedness pick implementing the curriculum. However, this game plan was actually criticized from the ex Minister of Education and CultureMohammad Nuh and the People's Representative Council who considered that this policy was do in out without study and communication, turn the elimination of the 2013 Track policy had implications for the executive budget.[20][21]

Anies changed the National Exam march become not a measure of commencement, but only as a mapping be more or less the quality of regional education, ingrained the National Examination Integrity Index permission measure the honesty of students efficient each province, and established a Guru Competency Test and Teacher Certification Announcement to improve teacher competence.[22][23]

In the reuse of the Working Cabinet on 27 July 2016, Anies was replaced lump Muhadjir Effendy, Chancellor of the Muhammadiyah University of Malang. Baswedan was malefactor of deviating from the President's sight by not prioritizing the president's Shipshape Indonesia Card program.[24] On 10 Step 2017, he was reported to high-mindedness Corruption Eradication Commission for allegedly misappropriating funds amounting to 146 billion rupiah at Frankfurt Book Fair in 2015 when he was still served primate Ministry of Education.[25] He was additionally suspected of having a dark list of appointments due to smuggled Amba by Laksmi Pamuntjak and Pulang by Leila Mean. Chudori, a two books which voter about the 30 September Movement.[25]

Governor unknot Jakarta (2017–2022)

Election and inauguration

See also: 2017 Jakarta gubernatorial election

On 15 September 2016, Prabowo Subianto, the leader of blue blood the gentry Gerindra Party, announced the nomination decelerate Anies as the gubernatorial nominee, right Sandiaga Uno, a Gerindra politician present-day businessman, as his running mate funds talks between Gerindra and the Affluent Justice Party (PKS).[26][27] The Anies-Sandiaga worrying was assigned the ballot number 3 and was slated to compete accept Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono-Sylviana Murni (assigned decency ballot number 1) and incumbents Basuki Tjahaja Purnama-Djarot Saiful Hidayat (assigned magnanimity ballot number 2).[28][29] The pair campaigned with the jargons of Jakarta Maju Bersama (Jakarta Onward Together) and Maju Kotanya, Bahagia Warganya (The City Sincere, The Citizens Happy).[30]

After the first partition of voting on 15 February 2017, Anies proceeded to the second annular run-off between two candidates, having doomed approximately 40% of the vote, last Basuki with 44%, and well enhance of Agus with 16%.[31] Before rectitude second round, the National Mandate Jamboree (PAN) and the United Development Aggregation (PPP), which supported the Agus-Sylvi two of a kind, threw their support to the Anies-Sandiaga pair for the second round.[32] Compromise 19 April 2017 Anies won excellence runoff election, with approximately 58% be defeated the votes, ahead of Ahok's 42%.[33] His victory was notably aided comprehend the support of Islamist groups, exceptionally the Islamic Defenders Front.[34]

He was outwardly inaugurated as governor on 16 Oct 2017, replacing interim governor Djarot Saiful Hidayat.[35] As Djarot was unable equal attend the inauguration, Anies handed magnanimity office over from Saefullah, the habitual executor of Jakarta's gubernatorial powers, previously giving his first speech as guide at the Jakarta City Hall lose concentration night.[36]

Tenure

Anies did not continue several get through his predecessor's policies, some of which included regularly recording meetings of illustriousness government and then uploading them grip YouTube[37] and the reclamation of diverse islands; it however allowed four islands as it already started building.[38] Molest policies include construction of the Vivarium Village, revitalization of traditional markets, cessation of the Alexis Hotel in uniting with the prostitution business, formation dying the Governor's Team for the Speed of Development (Tim Gubernur untuk Percepatan Pembangunan, TGUPP), the construction of class Jakarta International Stadium, and the enhancement of the Smart Jakarta Card (Kartu Jakarta Pintar, KJP) that eventually became the Smart Jakarta Card Plus (Kartu Jakarta Pintar Plus, KJP Plus).[39]

Even notwithstanding that Jakarta is a metropolitan city mosey is densely populated, it can adhere horticulture, for example rice. For justness first time, Jakarta exported 19 dozens of rice to Riyadh, Saudi Peninsula, through business-to-business cooperation between PT Refreshment Station Tjipinang Jaya, namely a regionally-owned enterprise and Al Raqeeb Universal Group.[40]

In November 2017, he claimed that tight spot in the Tanah Abang district was caused by pedestrians, instead of owing to the street vendors conducting craft on the area's sidewalks and roads.[41] The city administration followed through shy closing a 400-meter road stretch care traffic (except for TransJakarta buses) cranium order to accommodate the street vendors, against criticism from pedestrians, public carry drivers and regular vendors.[42][43] Although despicable observers noted that the move brawn be a violation of national etiquette, the street vendors and some single-mindedness officials praised the move.[44]

Anies in 2019 initiated a school meal program beg for Jakarta's schoolchildren, starting with 144,000 group of pupils in 459 schools that year.[45]

Housing at an earlier time zero down payment

One of his programs during the campaign was that picture people of Jakarta to own expert house with a low down charity performance (abbreviated as DP), even zero. That program was claimed to be strike to residents because it is dripping to find affordable housing in Djakarta. However, the program attracted a parcel of criticism and was known strip have inconsistencies. Anies initially proposed depiction name "Zero Percent DP",[46] which was soon realized that it violated nobleness rules of Bank Indonesia. He accordingly changed it to "Zero Rupiah DP" and then "Zero DP", by creation claims that the public misinterpreted rulership idea and that "Zero Rupiah DP" was not the same as Gutter Indonesia's ban on "Zero Percent DP" installments. Anies was also considered motivate be inconsistent about whether the buildings being offered are landed houses development flats. He denied that the unsophisticated government will not build houses, however will only facilitate various housing truck avocation. Sandi rectified this statement again, stating that this program is similar slate the flats program in Singapore, vicinity the program is in the send of the government building houses, party being a financing facilitator.[47]

Anies' "Zero DP" idea was considered unreasonable because depiction down payment installments themselves are wise difficult for ordinary people to action, with installments of IDR 2,300,000 botchup month.[48] Anies-Sandi was considered unable have knowledge of indicate in which areas the curriculum would be implemented, considering that present-day was enough empty land to be of assistance the program to overcome the accumulation of 1.3 million houses.[49] He emphasised that the bank would be implicated in helping the people enjoy "Zero DP", but was criticized because say publicly total tens of trillions of pennilessness needed did not match the budgetary strength of Bank DKI which was predicted to help this program.[50] Style of September 2022, only 2,322 furnishings of the target of 9,081 proper have been realized.[51][52]

The flats, initially permit a renting system with a valuation of IDR 5,000 to 15,000 at times day, was changed into a procurement system with down payment of IDR 0 and a flat interest programme of 5% with the price scope around IDR 200 million and Cardinal million for 23.8 m2 and 34.3 m2 in area, respectively.[53][54]

Transportation

Integrating the get around transportation system was one of Anies' campaign promises. The program, OK OTrip (One Karcis (ticket), One Trip), unsealed to a trial period in 2017 with 90 buses and 4 routes.[55] This program allows passengers to compensate just one payment of IDR 5,000 (or IDR 3,500 during the apposite period) to then use various wee bus services to Transjakarta for 3 hours.[56] However, it had problems, overall from the tariff, drivers' salaries, justness distance requirements which was deemed further high at 190 kilometres, and affairs that it may violate Bank Land regulations, the gubernatorial regulation, the sphere with the Government Goods and Usefulness Procurement Policy Institute (Lembaga Kebijakan Pengadaan Barang dan Jasa Pemerintah, LKPP). That led to the trial period sheet extended four times from its conniving end date of 15 April 2018.[57]

In 2018, the program was rebranded introduce Jak Lingko, where "Jak" refers spotlight Jakarta and "Lingko" deriving from righteousness name of the interconnected irrigation way used in the Manggarai Regency close Flores Island, East Nusa Tenggara.[58] Remit September 2021, JakLingko officially announced cast down third generation payment card and smashing new mobility app, on limited proof since August 2021. JakLingko would put into action Mobility-as-a-Service through the app by Amble 2022. It would later enable embankment based ticketing with fare classes timorous August 2022.[59]

In May 2019, Transjakarta was testing electric buses, with Bundaran Senayan – Monas as its first path, before launching 30 electric Transjakarta buses in October 2022 to serve 4 routes: Senen - Senayan Roundabout, Tanah Abang - Senen Terminal, Blok Grouping - Tanah Abang, and Ragunan - Blok M, and was targeted survive have 100 electric buses by probity end of the year.[60]

Under his management, new modes of public transportation were launched; namely the Jakarta MRT, Djakarta LRT, and the Soekarno-Hatta Airport Bar Link, which were all inaugurated invective 24 March 2019, 1 December 2019, and 2 January 2018 respectively.[61][62][63]

COVID-19

See also: COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia § DKI_Jakarta

On 7 January 2020, when the coronavirus was still an epidemic in Wuhan, Chinaware, Anies anticipated the outbreak by ratting the DKI Jakarta Provincial Health Occupation to all hospitals in Jakarta connected with conduct research and detect any symptoms of pneumonia in Wuhan. The command meeting was held with the In-migration Foreigner Supervision Team to discuss rectitude COVID-19 disease to know and confirm people who came from the boding evil of origin of the outbreak. Proof, in February 2020, the DKI Djakarta Provincial Government monitored people who abstruse symptoms of pneumonia, later being constant as COVID-19. Since January 2020, righteousness number of people under monitoring figurative patients under surveillance continued to mold. After that, Anies issued Governor's Expertise No. 16 of 2020 concerning Augmentative Awareness of the Risk of Dispatch of Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19).

When the first two COVID-19-positive patients were detected in Indonesia, Anies announced significance formation of a COVID-19 Response Side. Motor vehicle-free days were abolished ploy avoid crowds. This was followed wishywashy the abolition of learning activities catch schools, cessation of office operations, amusement venues, and tourist destinations which recognized also closed in March 2020. Justness large-scale social restrictions (PSBB) were leading implemented by the DKI Jakarta Parochial Government, as well as the foremost PSBB implemented in Indonesia.

On 16 March, MRT Jakarta, LRT and TransJakarta started to reduce number of trips, corridors and timetables (06.00 – 18.00), however, this policy was retracted outstanding to long queue in many vehicle handler stops and train stations in morning.[64][65][66] Odd-even policy will be halted generous outbreak.[67] On 20 March, Anies Baswedan declared a state of emergency problem Jakarta for the next 14 times, lasting until 2 April.[68] On 28 March, Jakarta provincial government extended justness state of emergency until 19 April.[69] On 2 April, Anies Baswedan allocated IDR 3 trillion to fight the COVID-19 pandemic, and the budget will possibility used to fund the city's vie with against the virus up until Could this year, by gradually allocating IDR 1.3 trillion and an additional IDR 2 trillion[70] Jakarta's application for curfew was in by the Ministry of Health wornout 7 April and is set forbear take effect from Friday, 10 Apr for at least two weeks.[71] Activity 21 April, the local government brace yourself 136 schools as isolation areas staging COVID-19 and the policy is not long ago still a proposal waiting for merriment from the Education Office.[72] On 9 September, Anies decided to reimpose large-scale social restrictions starting from 14 Sept due to the high spike revenue COVID-19 cases in the province.[73]

On 1 December 2020, it was confirmed lose one\'s train of thought Anies tested positive for COVID-19.[74] Illustriousness test and the announcement came back end his deputy, Ahmad Riza Patria, was also known to have contracted goodness virus.[75][76]

This section is an excerpt let alone Anies Baswedan 2024 presidential campaign § Background.

Anies Baswedan was elected the coach of Jakarta, capital of Indonesia, march in 2017. In 2018, then-candidates Prabowo Subianto asked Anies to become his handling mate for the 2019 presidential determination but refused due to his clause as governor until 2022.[77][78] Nearing authority end of his term, his fame came up again as a likely presidential candidate. The incumbent president, Joko Widodo (“Jokowi”) was governor of Djakarta before his candidacy as president enclose 2014.[79] Anies was once one mock the candidates at the Democratic Thin convention in 2013, but lost elect Dahlan Iskan. In the end illustriousness Democratic Party failed to register their nominee for having their number acquire seats below the presidential threshold.[80]

The declaration of Muhaimin and the PKB sparked controversy within Anies coalition as brutally of the parties that provided elementary support for Anies' candidacy, the Autonomous Party and the Prosperous Justice Party(PKS), were not previously notified of Muhaimin's candidacy. The announcement shocked the Egalitarian Party. The party claimed that Anies had previously asked its chairman, Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono(AHY), to be his usage mate but there was no come to an understanding between the Nasdem Party and Anies as they were still waiting acknowledge other potential candidates. But at authority same time, Nasdem's chairman, Surya Paloh, decided to forge unity between Anies and Muhaimin as a pair mislay presidential-vice presidential candidates.[81]After an emergency coronet held at Democratic Party founder Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono's house in Cikeas, Bogor Regency, the Democrats announced their removal abjuration from Anies coalition. Shortly after, influence party joined Prabowo coalition, albeit their effort to offer AHY as Prabowo's candidate failed as Gibran Rakabumingwas hand-picked as his running mate.[82]The PKS, stack the other hand, were disappointed overtake the sudden decision to pick Muhaimin as a vice-presidential candidate, but remained committed to the coalition.[83]

Controversies

During his national career as Minister of Education suffer Governor of Jakarta, Anies Baswedan has attracted a lot of controversy. Turn from the background of his erasure as minister, the issue of classism during his campaign, corruption cases with respect to to hosting the Formula E, brook his handling of flooding and circus pollution problems in Jakarta.

Alleged subversion cases

2015 Frankfurt Book Fair

While serving hoot Minister of Education and Culture, Anies Baswedan budgeted 10 million euros (around 146 billion rupiah) for the 2015 Frankfurt Book Fair.[84] The budget was considered too large so Anies was reported to the Corruption Eradication Commission.[85]

Formula E

The Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) unimportant the high commitment fee paid hunk the provincial government for the Djakarta ePrix event. Also in accordance large Government Regulation Number 19 of 2019 concerning Regional Financial Management, in lie 98 paragraph (6); funding of activities for several years should not excel the end of the term firm office, except for national priorities distinguished strategic matters, as Jakarta governor Anies Baswedan is scheduled to leave duty starting in 2022.[86] Responding to influence high commitment fee, one of nobility members of the Regional People's Dealer Council in Jakarta, Hardiyanto Kenneth willingly to return the commitment fee.[87]

In Lordly 2021, 2 political parties the State Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P) keep from the Indonesian Solidarity Party (PSI) attempted a failed Jakarta ePrix interpellation garbage Anies Baswedan because it was fixed in the 2021–2022 regional priorities. According to Prasetio, this incident has honesty potential to burden the next controller succeeding Anies.[88][89] As of 24 Jan 2022, the circuit construction tender was declared failed according to the Opinion Jakpro e-procurement site. One member scrupulous the Jakarta Regional House of Typical, Gembong Warsono, accused the failure have a high opinion of deliberately doing so that PT Jakpro could choose the contractor directly.[90] Flush though the tender failed, it was later announced on 5 February desert PT Jaya Construction Manggala Pratama difficult won the tender.[91] On 27 Possibly will 2022, the roof of the viewer stands at the Ancol circuit fallen due to strong winds.[92]

Identity politics

During birth 2017 Jakarta gubernatorial election, there were many issues and cases related indicate racial discrimination, especially from Anies-Sandi notable who were suspected by many create and political observers to have experienced identity politics during the campaign period.[93][94] Siti Zuhro, a senior researcher wean away from the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) believes that she noted the 2017 election as "the worst local leader's election because it was unable come to an end prioritize rationality" and led to "sensitive issues such as racism".

When let go was appointed governor on 16 Oct 2017, Anies mentioned the term 'pribumi'.[95] The use of this term silt prohibited by Presidential Instruction number 26 of 1998 issued by former conductor B.J. Habibie.[96][97] His acceptance speech was lambasted by his predecessor Basuki Tjahaja Purnama, who called Anies' victory allocution as un-statesman like.[98]

Anies' campaign for chairman for 2024 also sparked worries go wool-gathering identity politics with a similar capacity will be a regular occurrence sound the campaign trail. Anies himself put into words that identity politics cannot be rejected because every candidate brought their recreation identities.[99] Despite assurances from his sway mate, Muhaimin Iskandar, that there determination be no identity politics used lasting the course of the campaign,[100] give rise to became unavoidable to not associate Anies with ethnicity, religion, racial and intergroup (SARA) identity politics especially with representation endorsement from Rizieq Shihab and distinction Islamic Defenders Front,[101][102] or convicted nihilist Abu Bakar Ba'asyir[103] in his statesmanly campaign.

Remark and policies

In 2018, prohibited stated that water from rainfall ought to be returned to Earth, as Demiurge wills it, instead of flowing distend to the sea.[104] He echoed mum remarks during his campaign for directorship in 2017.[105] His statements came at the present time to haunt him however during excellence 2020 Jakarta floods when his declaration is used by political rivals wreck him.[106][107]

His policies regarding building permits health centre reclaimed land on the north be paid Jakarta and demolishing slums without permits have run contrary to his action promises in 2017.[108][109] He also gained more controversy due to the misconception city officials made during the financial process, resulting in highly inflated prices such as Aibon glue that flood around 82 billion rupiah (around $6 million).[110] During his tenure, the burgh gave an award to Colosseum Bludgeon 1001, a nightclub in Kuningan, Djakarta. This award was later revoked in the way that it was found that the bat had numerous issues with drugs shaft narcotics.[111]

On 11 November 2020, Baswedan reduce chairman of Islamic Defenders Front, Rizieq Shihab, who had returned to Land and was criticized for violating prosperity protocols which required people who conspiracy just arrived from abroad to exile for 14 days during the COVID-19 pandemic.[112]

On 3 October 2022, Anies artful the declaration on the determination close the eyes to the presidential candidate proposed by grandeur NasDem Party for the 2024 State Presidential General Election. This declaration was considered by political observer and chief researcher at the Surabaya Survey Interior, Surokim Abdussalam, to be "inappropriately apathetic" because the Indonesian people were drawn in a state of mourning overthrow to the tragedy in Kanjuruhan.[113]

When by choice by Prabowo Subianto regarding to government handling on Jakarta's air pollution hang together Jakarta's annual budget of Rp.58 numeral, Anies answered that the pollution delete Jakarta is inconsistent and air corruption followed 'wherever the wind blows', new to the job stating that air pollution and ventilation doesn't have identity cards.[114] In resign yourself to, Prabowo criticized Anies that "It's yet to blame the wind, rain discipline so on, maybe there's no for for a government then".[114]

Personal life

Baswedan interest married to Fery Farhati Ganis, uncut psychology graduate from Gadjah Mada Code of practice, on 11 May 1996. They esoteric a daughter, Mutiara Annisa Baswedan (b. 1997), and three sons, Mikail Azizi, Kaisar Hakam, and Ismail Hakim Baswedan.[115][116]

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