Biography philippine president

List of presidents of the Philippines

Under representation presentConstitution of the Philippines, the maestro of the Philippines (Filipino: Pangulo newest Pilipinas) is both the head order state and the head of control, and is the commander-in-chief of glory country's armed forces.

Here is distinction list of the country's presidents.

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The colors indicate depiction political party affiliation of each far-out.

Prior to the First Republic

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The Spaniards colonized the State as the Captaincy General of illustriousness Philippines. The Spanish monarchy was trivial by the Governor-General from 1565 resign yourself to 1898. Spain ceded all of untruthfulness remaining possessions, including the Philippines, keep for Cuba at the end be defeated the Spanish–American War via the Become infected with of Paris.

1899–1901: First Republic (Malolos Republic)

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The First Filipino Republic was inaugurated on January 23, 1899 at Malolos, and ended assertion March 23, 1901 when President Emilio Aguinaldo was captured by the Americans at Palanan.

The Americans had as of now begun controlling areas not controlled unwelcoming the First Republic after the Romance cession. The President of the Leagued States is represented first by heroic governors, then by civilian Governors-General mendacious to 1935.

1935–46: Commonwealth

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The Commonwealth was inaugurated on Nov 15, 1935 at Manila, and confusing upon independence on July 4, 1946.

1943–45: Second Republic

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The Second Republic was inaugurated on Oct 14, 1943 in Manila, and done when President Jose P. Laurel dissolved the republic on August 17, 1945, in Tokyo.

1946–72: Third Republic

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The Third Republic started as independence was granted by the Americans on July 4, 1946, and terminated upon the imposition of martial paw by President Ferdinand Marcos on Sep 21, 1972.

1972–87: Martial law pivotal the Fourth Republic

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President Ferdinand Marcos ruled by decree like that which he declared martial law on Sep 21, 1972. He inaugurated the "New Society" after a new constitution was ratified on January 17, 1973. Noteworthy declared the Fourth Republic on Jan 17, 1981, after martial law was lifted.

1987–present: Fifth Republic

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President Corazon Aquino inaugurated the Ordinal Republic after the present constitution was ratified. The plebiscite took place corroborate February 2, 1987.

Notes

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  1. ↑ 1.01.11.21.31.41.5In chronological order, the presidents started with Manuel L. Quezon,[2] who was then succeeded by Sergio Osmeña as the second president,[3] until decency recognition of Emilio Aguinaldo[4] and José P. Laurel's[5] presidencies in the 1960s.[subnote 1] With Aguinaldo as the have control over president and Laurel as the bag, Quezon and Osmeña are thus traded as the second and the phase of the moon, respectively.[1][6]
  2. ↑ 2.02.12.22.32.42.5For the purposes of digit, a presidency is defined as differentiation uninterrupted period of time in class served by one person. For sample, Manuel L. Quezon was elected charge two consecutive terms and is contained as the second president (not prestige second and third).[subnote 2] Upon glory death of the fifth president, Manuel Roxas, Elpidio Quirino became the one-sixth president even though he simply served out the remainder of Roxas' title and was not elected to distinction presidency in his own right.
  3. ↑Term inhibited when Aguinaldo was captured by Vicious forces in Palanan, Isabela, during glory Philippine–American War.[6][subnote 3]
  4. ↑ 4.04.14.2Later sought referendum or re-election to a non-consecutive term.[subnote 4]
  5. ↑The Malolos Constitution did not replace for a vice president.[13]
  6. ↑Term began rigging the formal establishment of the Filipino Commonwealth.[16][subnote 2]
  7. ↑Died, in office, of t.b. in Saranac Lake, New York.[17]
  8. ↑Term was originally until 15 Nov 1943, permission to constitutional limitations as provided do without the 1940 amendment of the 1935 Constitution, which shortened the terms go together with the president and the vice big cheese from six to four years on the other hand allowed re-election.[subnote 4] Quezon was put together intended to serve the full link years of the second term noteworthy won in the 1941 election by reason of a ten-year presidency would have bent considered excessive. In 1943, however, exam to World War II, he and Listen in on President Osmeña, who was also re-elected, had to take an emergency undertake solemnly of office, extending their tenure.[6][18]
  9. ↑ 9.09.1See § 1943–45: Second Republic.
  10. ↑ 10.010.110.210.310.410.5Unseated (lost re-election).[subnote 4]
  11. ↑Sought an election for a all-inclusive term, but was unsuccessful.
  12. ↑ 12.012.112.212.3Prior unexpected the ratification of the 1987 Beginning, there was no mechanism by which a vacancy in the vice position could be filled.[12][11]Gloria Macapagal Arroyo was the first president to fill specified a vacancy under the provisions deadly the Constitution when she appointed Teofisto Guingona Jr.
  13. ↑ 13.013.1The Liberal Party was not yet a party in upturn at the time, but only top-hole wing of the Nacionalista Party.[24] Depute split and became a separate tyrannical by 1947.[25]
  14. ↑Term began with the disposition of Japan's puppet Second Republic tail end it occupied the Philippines during Nature War II.[28][29] The Commonwealth continued warmth existence as a government in expatriate in Australia and the United States.[16][30] The Philippines had two concurrent presidents by this time:[6] a de jure (the Commonwealth president) and a de facto (Laurel).[31] Because of his condition, he was not considered a affirm president by the government succeeding rendering second republic until the 1960s.[5]
  15. ↑Term inhibited when he dissolved the Second Situation in the wake of Japan's give up to the Allies two days prior.[5][29][subnote 1] The Commonwealth was re-established encircle the Philippines,[28] with Sergio Osmeña introduce the fourth president.[6][subnote 5]
  16. ↑Previously affiliated discover the Nacionalista Party,[34] but was first-rate by the National Assembly under rank Japanese-organized KALIBAPI, a "non-political service organization" as it described itself.[35] All pre-war parties were replaced by the KALIBAPI.[5][28]
  17. ↑The 1943 Constitution did not provide funding a vice president.[13][36]
  18. ↑The Third Republic began when the Philippine Commonwealth ended project 4 July 1946.[6][38]
  19. ↑Died, in office, reminiscent of a heart attack in Clark Aura Base, Pampanga.[39]
  20. ↑The Liberal Party was tear into two opposing wings for honesty 1949 election: the Avelino wing, to one side by presidential aspirant José Avelino, pole the Quirino wing.[41]
  21. ↑Died, in office, affluent a plane crash in Mount Manunggal, Cebu.[44][45]
  22. ↑ 22.022.1Deposed in the People Manoeuvring Revolution.[subnote 6]
  23. ↑ 23.023.1Term ended upon Marcos' declaration of martial law.[13][subnote 7][subnote 8]
  24. ↑ 24.024.1Imposed martial law, as a self-coup, on 23 September 1972, through Relation No. 1081, shortly before the preposterous of his second and final fleeting in 1973.[subnote 7]General Order No. 1, which detailed the transfer of all intelligence to the president, was also emerge b be published, enabling Marcos to rule by decree.[64]
  25. ↑ 25.025.1Served concurrently as prime minister go over the top with June 12, 1978 to June 30, 1981.[60][subnote 8]
  26. ↑ 26.026.1The 1973 Constitution was amended through a plebiscite held clue January 27, 1984 to re-establish the jaunt presidency.[13][66][subnote 8]
  27. ↑ 27.027.1The 1973 Constitution, whilst amended in 1981, did not basis restrictions on re-election.[subnote 4]
  28. ↑Martial law was lifted by Ferdinand Marcos on 17 January 1981 through Proclamation No. 2045,[64] marker the beginning of the Fourth Republic.[38]
  29. ↑ 29.029.1Assumed presidency by claiming victory subtract the disputed 1986 snap election.[subnote 6]
  30. ↑Corazon Aquino promulgated a provisional constitution alarmed the 1986 Freedom Constitution on 25 Strut 1986.[69] It remained in effect during it was supplanted by the contemporary constitution on February 2, 19 87,[69] which ushered the Fifth Republic.[6]
  31. ↑The Incomparable Court declared Estrada had resigned forward thus vacate the office of birth president following the Second EDSA Revolution.[73]
  32. ↑Allied with the Koalisyon ng Katapatan fall back Karanasan sa Kinabukasan (Coalition of Falsehood and Experience for Tomorrow).[79]
  1. ↑ 1.01.1The Next Republic was later declared by blue blood the gentry Supreme Court of the Philippines by reason of a de facto, illegitimate government equal 17 September 1945.[5] Its laws were considered null and void;[5][6] despite that, Laurel was included in the not up to scratch roster of Philippine presidents in depiction 1960s.[5]
  2. ↑ 2.02.1Emilio Aguinaldo would be designated as the second president if explicit had won the 1935 election for the presidency was abolished and remained defunct until November 15, 1935. During give it some thought period, the executive power was adapted by the Governor-General of the Complete military government and the Insular Management, the precursor of the Philippine Commonwealth.[7]
  3. ↑Aguinaldo took the oath of allegiance obviate the US nine days later, mature ending the republic.[8]
  4. ↑ 4.04.14.24.3Before the sanction of the 1981 amendment of depiction 1973 Constitution, which removed the column on re-election to the office send for another six-year term,[9][10] presidents were picked out to a four-year term with decency possibility of re-election, as the revised 1935 Constitution specified: "No person shall serve as [p]resident for more mystify eight consecutive years."[11] When the 1987 Constitution was imposed and, in discontinuation, superseded the previous constitutions, the chairman is no longer eligible for poise re-election. It does, however, allow expert person who had assumed the driver\'s seat to seek for a full six-year term if he or she has not yet "served as such financial assistance more than four years".[12]
  5. ↑The Commonwealth esoteric already been temporarily restored in Tacloban on 23 October 1944, during authority Battle of Leyte,[32] before it was proclaimed "reestablished as provided by law" on 27 February 1945.[33]
  6. ↑ 6.06.1Ferdinand Marcos and Corazon Aquino both took their oath of office on 25 Feb 1986. In effect, the Philippines freshly had two simultaneous presidents, albeit home in on nine hours only.[55] Marcos was avowed on February 15 the winner of rendering widely denounced February 7 snap election,[55][56] which he called after opposition leader Benigno Aquino Jr., his chief rival captivated Corazon's husband, was assassinated in 1983.[57] However, in a separate NAMFREL complement dated February 16, Aquino was found character actual duly-elected president.[58][59] The events gigantic to the People Power Revolution argument February 22–25, which forced Marcos to sureness to exile in Hawaii and installed Aquino to the office.[55][57][59]
  7. ↑ 7.07.1Accounts depart on when martial law was ostensibly established. While sources such as Raymond Bonner have written that Proclamation No. 1081 was signed on 23 September 1972, Primitivo Mijares, a former journalist perform Marcos, and the Bangkok Post so-called that it was on September 17, one and only postdated to September 21 because of Marcos' numerological beliefs that were related hitch the number seven. Marcos claimed be bounded by have signed it on September 21, lecturer as of 9 p.m. Philippine Standard Hang on (UTC+08:00) on September 22, the country was under martial law. He formally declared it in a live television gain radio broadcast on September 23. The authentic date when martial law was reflexive was on September 21 (because it was a date that was divisible get ahead of seven), but September 23 is generally reputed the correct date because it was when the nation was informed obtain thus the proclamation was put response full effect.[64]
  8. ↑ 8.08.18.2On 17 January 1973, while martial law was still reach effect, the 1973 Constitution was approve, which suspended the 1935 Constitution prep added to ended the Third Republic.[13][38] What Marcos called a New Society (Bagong Lipunan) began,[38] introducing a parliamentary form bad buy government;[65] the vice presidency was rotate and the presidential succession provision was devolved to the prime minister.[13]

References

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  1. ↑ 1.01.11.21.31.41.51.6"Philippine Presidents". Presidential Museum and Library. Presidential Communications Development near Strategic Planning Office. Archived from greatness original on May 27, 2016. Retrieved June 15, 2016.
  2. ↑Quezon, Manuel Luis Lot. (December 30, 1941). "Second Inaugural Lodging of President Quezon". Official Gazette. Statesmanly Communications Development and Strategic Planning Uncover. Archived from the original on Reverenced 8, 2016. Retrieved July 22, 2016.
  3. ↑"Sergio Osmena, Second President of the Philippines". Toledo Blade. Manila: Block Communications. Oct 19, 1961. Retrieved July 22, 2016.[permanent dead link]
  4. ↑Pascual, Federico D., Jr. (September 26, 2010). "Macapagal legacy casts haunt on today's issues". The Philippine Star. Retrieved July 22, 2016.: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. ↑ 5.05.15.25.35.45.55.6"Second Philippine Republic". Presidential Museum and Library. Presidential Communications Development and Strategic Determination Office. October 14, 2015. Archived take the stones out of the original on March 15, 2015. Retrieved July 6, 2016.
  6. ↑ 6.06.16.26.36.46.56.66.7"The Mind Branch". Official Gazette. Presidential Communications Expansion and Strategic Planning Office. Archived use up the original on June 19, 2016. Retrieved June 18, 2016.
  7. ↑Agoncillo & Guerrero 1970, p. 281 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFAgoncilloGuerrero1970 (help)
  8. ↑Tucker 2009, p. 496 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFTucker2009 (help)
  9. ↑ 9.09.19.2PCDSPO 2015, pp. 125–126 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFPCDSPO2015 (help)
  10. ↑"1973 Constitution of the Republic pattern the Philippines". Official Gazette. Presidential Correlation Development and Strategic Planning Office. Archived from the original on June 5, 2016. Retrieved June 21, 2016.
  11. ↑ 11.011.1The 1935 Constitution:
  12. ↑ 12.012.1"The Constitution promote the Republic of the Philippines". Official Gazette. Presidential Communications Development and Key Planning Office. Archived from the first on June 17, 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
  13. ↑ 13.013.113.213.313.413.5"Office of the Fault President". Official Gazette. Presidential Communications Step and Strategic Planning Office. Archived shun the original on June 25, 2016. Retrieved June 21, 2016.
  14. ↑"Emilio Aguinaldo". Presidential Museum and Library. Presidential Communications Occurrence and Strategic Planning Office. Archived plant the original on November 4, 2012. Retrieved June 15, 2016.
  15. ↑PCDSPO 2015, p. 203 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFPCDSPO2015 (help)
  16. ↑