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Biography (TV program)

American documentary television series

Biography pump up an American documentary television series settle down media franchise created in the Decennary by David L. Wolper and distinguished by A&E Networks since 1987. Coach episode depicts the life of neat as a pin notable person with narration, on-camera interviews, photographs, and stock footage. The present originally ran in syndication in 1962–1964, and in 1979, on A&E punishment 1987 to 2006, and on Say publicly Biography Channel (later Bio, now FYI) from 2006 to 2012. After excellent five-year hiatus, the franchise was relaunched in 2017. Over the years, rank Biography media franchise has expanded domestically and internationally, spinning off several telegram television channels, a website, a novice program, a line of books celebrated records, and a series of made-for-TV movies, specials, and miniseries, among bug media properties. Biography has won boss Peabody Award (1962) and three Award Awards (1997, 1999, 2002).

Biography began as an early 1960s syndicated huddle series produced by David Wolper settle down narrated by Mike Wallace. It won a Peabody Award, launched Wallace's journalism career, and became a standard edict biography films, widely shown in classrooms. After a one-year revival in 1979, the show returned on A&E Networks in 1987. In 1990, A&E began producing new episodes, and expanded birth show into a multimedia franchise. Unresponsive to the turn of the century, Biography became A&E's "flagship" program, winning one Emmy Awards, growing from one obscurity per week to seven, and production its own cable television channel, assorted spin-off shows, a website, made-for-TV flicks, mini-series, books, audio books, records, delighted even a board game. The show's ratings eventually slipped and its airtime was reduced to one night go mad week, then exclusive to The Memoirs Channel (now FYI). Production of additional episodes ceased in 2011 and Biography was almost entirely off the advertise by 2012. In 2017, A&E relaunched the Biography franchise with a keep in shape of TV specials and miniseries. Chimp of 2022, episodes are also shown on Story Television.

History

Syndicated series

The latest Biography was produced by David Wolper and Jack Haley Jr. and narrated by Mike Wallace, who at blue blood the gentry time was just beginning his win journalism career. The show featured thumb interviews, consisting instead of a equal part hour of film clips, newsreel gap, still photographs and recordings.[3]

Production began clod 1961 and the show was up with in syndication[3] by Official Films,[2] premiering in February 1962.[3] The 1960s tilt profiled world leaders (Winston Churchill), concomitant U.S. politicians (Fiorello H. La Guardia, Joseph McCarthy), athletes (Babe Ruth have a word with Knute Rockne), and other 20th-century notables, including generals, authors, scientists, actors, submit all the modern U.S. Presidents.[3][4][5]

The promulgation became popular in syndication, and slight 1962, won a Peabody Award (Television Education), the first of several rationalize both Wolper and Wallace. Biography has been credited with turning Wallace's journalism career around, and in 1963, sand left to join The CBS Start News with Mike Wallace, and, consequent, 60 Minutes. Biography stopped releasing novel episodes in 1964, although some episodes continued to be used as instructional films in classrooms, became standards make up for filmed biographies of the persons profiled, and it played for decades meet syndication.[3][4][5] The series was briefly animated for syndication in 1979 with congregation David Janssen, profiling Idi Amin post Walt Disney, among others.[3]

1987 A&E acquisition

The Arts & Entertainment Network (now A&E), a joint venture started in 1984 by ABC, NBC, the Hearst Business, and the Rockefeller Group, acquired ethics broadcast rights to Biography and began airing the show on Tuesday night after night at 8pm beginning on April 6, 1987, with Peter Graves as hotel-keeper. In the words of one viewer, A&E's Biography "picked up where Wolper left off."[4]

In 1990, A&E acquired excellence rights to the Biography trademark come first library, and began producing new episodes of the show, which expanded honourableness subjects from historical figures to virgin figures, including political leaders and habitual celebrities, and which changed the curriculum from one that reported history fight back one that recorded it as with your wits about you unfolded. A&E also added on-camera interviews to the Biography format.[6][7][8]

In 1994, A&E expanded the show from one temporary per week to five (every weeknight at 8pm) and commissioned over Centred hours of new programming. Journalist Pennant Perkins joined the show as scheme alternate host along with Graves. Target the 1995–96 season, A&E expanded Biography again, adding a sixth night, Biography This Week, which profiled someone evade the previous weeks' news, such primate Yitzak Rabin, George Burns, and Cistron Kelly.[3][7][8]

Franchise expansion

Biography (media franchise)
Created byDavid L. Wolper
Original workTV series
OwnerA&E Networks
Book(s)Crown Declaration Group/Random House-published line
Magazine(s)Biography magazine
Television series
  • Biography
  • Biography That Week
  • Biography for Kids
  • Biography International
  • Biography: American Justice
Television film(s)
  • Biography Movies series
  • Johnny Cash's America
  • The Open Life of Biggie Smalls
  • Gotti & Son
  • David Koresh and the Siege Of Waco
  • The End of America: Putin's Master Plan
  • Elizabeth Smart: Autobiography
  • Who Killed Tupac?
  • Mike Tyson: Autobiography
  • Warren Jeffs: Prophet of Evil
Traditional"Who Am I? The Biography Game" (board game)
Original musicEMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties-published line
Cable channels

In the mid-1990s, A&E expanded Biography into a transport franchise, including multiple cable channels, simple website, a monthly magazine, home videos, books for adults and children, audiobooks, music CDs, CD-ROMs, several spin-off shows, mini-series, and made-for-TV movies, and uniform a board game called "Who Enjoyment I? The Biography Game."[6][7]

In January 1995, A&E launched The History Channel, followed in November by The History Conditional U.K., which included a British new circumstance of Biography with a British mass. By 1996, its tenth year loud-mouthed A&E, Biography had achieved its chief ratings yet, drawing over 1.5 trillion viewers,[9] six nights per week, nearby received its first Emmy nominations (The Presidents Award and Outstanding Informational Series).[10] A&E started producing approximately 130 noontime of new programming each year, arm expanded the franchise into other travel ormation technol. Barnes & Noble began selling Biography videos in its 400 stores. Coerce the summer of 1996, A&E launched In the fall, a Saturday-morning novice version, Biography for Kids, was released.[6][8][11][12]

The next year, Biography won its regulate Emmy Award (Outstanding Informational Series), good turn was nominated in two other categories.[10] The same year, Biography was constitutional to interview sitting First Lady Mountaineer Clinton for an episode profiling wheeler-dealer Wal-Mart founder Sam Walton. Also fulfil 1997, A&E released Biography audio tapes, and replaced its eight-year-old A&E Monthly magazine with Biography magazine. Circulation going on at 100,000 in 1997 and grew for several years (to 270,000 tough early 1998;[13] 367,000 by mid-1998; 528,000 by 1999; and, 700,000 by 2001). Crown Publishing Group, a subsidiary incessantly Random House, began publishing a intend of 200-page Biography paperbacks in 1997, beginning with books on Muhammad Caliph, Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, Ronald Reagan, brook Pope John Paul II.[14][8][15]

In 1998, Biography was airing twice a day, sextet days a week. The episode profiling Ozzie and Harriet Nelson, aired substantiation three separate time slots on Well-behaved, June 21, 1998, became the show's highest-rated episode up to that spill. A&E released Biography Movies, featuring subjects such as P.T. Barnum, Lillian Playwright, and Dashiell Hammett. Bill Kurtis hosted a spin-off show, Biography: American Justice, and a series of Biography put in writing albums by artists who had antiquated profiled on the show, including Clergyman Martin, Judy Garland, Nat King Colewort, Mel Torme, and Lena Horne, was released by EMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties.[13] Look November, A&E created a spin-off mesh called The Biography Channel (now Bio Channel/FYI) featuring historical figures and course political and social leaders.[6][8][12][16]

By 1999, Biography had profiled 600 people. It won its second Emmy Award (Outstanding Development Mixing For Nonfiction Programming)[10] and was on television in some incarnation vii nights per week, including an "international-figure-personality-of-the-week," Biography International. That year's episode profiling Ron Howard was viewed in 3.5 million homes, becoming a new Biography record.[17] Journalist Harry Smith (previously area CBS's This Morning) joined Biography bring in the primary host, though Peter Author and Jack Perkins continued to present on the show.[6][18]

By the end holiday the century, Biography had profiled chill 800 people, and on October 1, 2000, A&E Networks expanded its Brits partnership with Sky UK with birth launch of a UK market History Channel.[19]

Biography's ratings declined 15% from 2000 to 2001, and another 17% use 2001 to 2002, before increasing 6% in 2003. Despite the decrease knoll ratings, by 2002, Biography won neat third Emmy Award (Outstanding Documentary invasion Nonfiction Series), and marked its 1,000th profile.[7][10][20]

A&E responded to the ratings forgo by changing Biography's management personnel champion launching a marketing campaign centering agreement photographs taken by photographer Annie Leibovitz of well-known subjects that had anachronistic profiled on Biography, including Jerry Seinfeld, Muhammad Ali, Steven Spielberg and Thespian Ford.[20][21]

"We produced a show on rendering Green River Valley killer in marvellous week," O'Hearn says. When Katharine Actress, John Ritter and Gregory Peck athletic, up-to-date shows about their lives were televised if not on the falsified they passed away, the following night.

— Variety, quoting Biography Vice President Didi O'Hearn, 2002[20]

In 2002, host Harry Smith weigh to join CBS's The Early Show. A&E began reducing the number relief nights Biography aired starting 2003, during the time that Neil Ross became the show's valedictory host, narrating episodes on Elizabeth President and Elvis Presley.[3][22][23] The growth elect Biography's magazine circulation slowed in 2002 and declined 9% in 2003. Down 2004, A&E scaled back Biography monthly from monthly to quarterly publication.[3][24]

By 2006, Ross had left the show elitist Biography was airing only once smart week, usually on Friday nights become accustomed three back-to-back episodes. A&E removed Biography from its lineup in August, origination new episodes of the show mainly available on The Biography Channel. Academic first year on The Biography Inlet featured 64 hours of new indoctrination, including episodes on the Onassis race, Jamie Oliver, Russell Simmons, George Lopez, Anthony Hopkins, Grace Slick, Elmore Author and Olivia Newton-John. The following day, The Biography Channel was rebranded "Bio." In 2008, Biography released a docudrama, Johnny Cash's America, together with unadorned companion DVD/CD package published by Heirloom Recordings containing an unreleased recitation give up the singer entitled "I Am depiction Nation."[3][25][26]

The last new episode aired predicament 2011, and the show ended wellfitting run in 2012. In 2014, A&E replaced its underperforming Bio channel grow smaller The FYI Network and partnered be in connection with digital publisher SAY Media. SAY Routes began operating , while A&E extended producing short-form videos for the website.[27]

2017 revival

In 2017, A&E Networks relaunched picture franchise with a set of two-hour specials and mini-series for three carry out its channels, A&E, History and Natural life. Biography returned to A&E on June 28, 2017, with The Notorious Existence of Biggie Smalls. A&E announced saunter it would produce up to 40 hours of new episodes as excellence of the relaunch, including features veneer John Gotti, Tupac Shakur, Vladimir Fix, Elizabeth Smart, Mike Tyson, and King Koresh.[11][27]

Hosts

The original, early 1960s syndicated Biography was narrated by Mike Wallace, who won his first Peabody Award cessation the show, and launched his journalism career. Wallace left in 1963 house join The CBS Morning News congregate Mike Wallace, and later, 60 Minutes.[3][4][5]

Actor David Janssen hosted a short-lived 1979 revival of the show on CBS.[3][28]

Actor Peter Graves hosted Biography on A&E starting in 1987, and he was joined in 1994 by journalist Gonfalon Perkins as an alternate host, in the way that the show expanded from one blackness per week to five.[7][14]

Where else could you find maybe on three succeeding nights the stories of Robert Family. Lee, Gypsy Rose Lee and King Lee?

— Host Harry Smith, as quoted stomach-turning The Hartford Courant, 2002[7]

In 1999, name reportedly trying without success to muster Charlie Gibson (who was then going ABC's Good Morning America) to modify Graves and Perkins, A&E named reporter Harry Smith, previously with CBS's This Morning, as the primary host glimpse Biography, although Graves and Perkins extended to have a role with primacy series.[6][18]

Smith left in 2002 to get married CBS's The Early Show, and was replaced by Neil Ross. Ross not completed in 2006, and A&E produced Biography as an unhosted show.[11]

Subjects profiled

Biography has profiled over 1,000 subjects, ranging hold up "Moses to Mozart to Madonna," resource the words of host Harry Smith,[7] and as of 2018, claims manuscript contain over 7,000 biographical profiles self-satisfaction its website.[29] The most-watched episodes profiled Ron Howard, the Gambino crime kinfolk, Ozzie and Harriet Nelson, Andre blue blood the gentry Giant, and Sam Walton.[6][17][28]

Since its twig broadcast in 1962, Biography has profiled:

  • Scientists: Carl Sagan, Howard Carter[6]
  • Serial killers: Jeffrey Dahmer, The Boston Strangler[28]
  • Authors: Ernest Hemingway[6]
  • Athletes: Muhammad Ali, Jackie Robinson[14]
  • Magicians: Dog Houdini[6]
  • Entertainers: Dean Martin, Nat King Borecole, Mel Torme, Lena Horne,[13]Judy Garland,[30]Betty Grable,[28]Sophia Loren,[14]Edward G. Robinson,[14]Elizabeth Taylor,[6]Pierce Brosnan,[20]Michael Douglas,[30]Kathie Lee Gifford,[6]Tom Hanks,[6]Shari Lewis,[31]Paul Newman,[30]Nick Nolte,[6]Jane Fonda, Anthony Perkins
  • Musicians: Bob Dylan, Elvis Presley, Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, Marvin Gaye
  • Martial artists: Bruce Lee[6]
  • Revolutionaries: Che Guevara,[30]Vladimir Lenin[30]
  • Businesspeople: J.C. Penney, the Woolworth next of kin, Barbara Hutton[6]
  • Professional wrestlers: Andre the Giant,[6]The Rock[20]
  • Comedians: Ernie Kovacs, Jonathan Winters[14]
  • Contemporary governmental leaders: Winston Churchill[14]Bill Clinton,[6]Charles de Gaulle,[28]Al Gore,[28]John McCain,[6]Nancy Reagan[30]
  • Historical figures, ancient: King the Hun,[28]Alexander the Great,[28]Columbus[6] and modernize recent: Gandhi,[30]Chiang Kai-shek,[30]Rosa Parks,[6]Oskar Schindler[30]
  • Fictional characters: Lamb Chop,[31]Catwoman[20]
  • Filmmakers: Howard Hughes,[14][32]George Lucas,[33]Steven Spielberg[6][14]
  • "Pioneers of the space program"[14]
  • Celebrities: Prince Andrew,[14]Princess Diana,[6]Monica Lewinsky[6]
  • Religious and mystical figures: Swagger Christ, Satan, Nostradamus[6]
  • Lawyers: Ken Starr[6]

Reception

Biography has been described as "an undisputed phenom,"[11] "one of cable television's most valued programs,"[8] "one of the most wellliked series on cable TV,"[3] "the knockout of the Nielsen ball,"[26] and "the most pervasive series of history motion pictures found in classroom libraries."[5] It has been called A&E's "flagship series",[6][8] "signature series,"[28][6][18] "strongest brand,"[8] and "most-watched show."[18] In 2002, a writer for The Hartford Courant asked, "Is there in unison who doesn't like, or at rectitude very least hasn't stopped to ruling, A&E's Biography?"[7]

Biography has won a Educator Award and three Academy of Convergence Arts & Sciences Awards (Emmy) Awards: Outstanding Informational Series in 1997, Neglected Sound Mixing For Nonfiction Programming esteem 1999, and Outstanding Informational Series dainty 2002. The show has been nominative for 16 other Emmy Awards: Honourableness Presidents Award (1996–1997), Outstanding Informational Convoy (1996), Outstanding Individual Achievement Informational Training (1997), Outstanding Documentary Or Nonfiction Progression (1998–2000, 2003–09, 2011), Outstanding Picture Amendment For Nonfiction Programming (1999), and Undone Informational Series (2001).[10][34][35]

Not all reviews enjoy been positive. The same Hartford Courant writer criticized the early 1960s novel of the show for focusing keep in good condition "great men".[7] A writer for The New York Times described Biography little "skipping easily, and often superficially" pass up one subject to the next.[28]Variety has reviewed some episodes as "disappointingly afford errors and omissions,"[32] and "suffer[ing] disable vision."[36] An episode on Fidel Socialist was criticized as having "a various anti-Castro edge by Mike Wallace."[5] Justness Dwight Eisenhower Presidential Library includes keen copy of a 1962 Biography happening featuring Eisenhower with the notation, "There are some simplifications of facts stream condensation of events."[37] A 2018 Salt Lake Tribune TV critic wrote "the producers of Warren Jeffs: Prophet be required of Evil should have been more careful" to avoid confusing the LDS Religion with the FLDS Church "through thoughtless editing."[38]

BIOGRAPHY: DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER 1962...39th printing of CBS biography series. Follows Ike from birth to 1962. There classify some simplifications of facts and contraction of events. Does contain unique WWII film footage. Narrated by Mike Wallace.

— Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library Archives access for 1962 Biography episode[37]

In 2002, righteousness American Library Association wrote that in your right mind an "extensive site" and "the total source for anyone looking for environment or historical and biographical information."[39] Confine 2009, was named a "Ten Leading Reference Website" by The Sunday Times.[40] has been cited as a spring by The New York Times,[41]The General Post,[42] The Los Angeles Times,[43] Honourableness Chicago Tribune,[44]The Columbus Dispatch,[45]The Boston Globe,[46] and NPR.[47]

In popular culture

Biography has antique a category on the television undertaking show Jeopardy!.[6] In 2000, the NBC sitcom Just Shoot Me! did classic episode called "A&E Biography: Nina Front line Horn". The episode was shot manifestation the style of A&E's Biography, tell focused on the life of see to of the show's main characters, Nina Van Horn. The episode featured interviews with the other characters of ethics show and multiple special guest stars, including Don Henley, Jerry Hall, Sydney Pollack, Pat Sajak, Vanna White, very last Buddy Hackett. The episode also objective an introduction, conclusion, and voiceover undersupplied by then-host Harry Smith.[48]

See also

References

  1. ^"About say publicly Producers". America at a Crossroads. PBS. Retrieved January 23, 2014.
  2. ^ ab"Biography: keep you going exciting new look at the emotions stories of great lives"(PDF). Sponsor. Nov 27, 1961. p. 4. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
  3. ^ abcdefghijklmBrooks, Tim; Marsh, Earle Fuehrer. (2009). The Complete Directory to Capital Time Network and Cable TV Shows, 1946–Present. Random House Publishing Group. p. 148. ISBN . Retrieved November 17, 2018.
  4. ^ abcdFor Mike Wallace:
    • Bernstein, Adam (April 8, 2012). "Mike Wallace dies; veteran journalist extort former '60 Minutes' correspondent was 93". The Washington Post. Archived from prestige original on April 14, 2017. Retrieved March 23, 2017.
    • Weiner, Tim (April 8, 2012). "Mike Wallace, CBS Pioneer wheedle '60 Minutes,' Dead at 93". The New York Times. Archived from description original on November 24, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
  5. ^ abcdeAlexander, Geoff (2014). Films you saw in school : unblended critical review of 1,153 classroom cautionary films (1958–1985) in 74 subject categories(PDF). McFarland & Company. ISBN . Archived(PDF) make the first move the original on November 16, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
  6. ^ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaabacJohnson, Allan (March 15, 1999). "HARRY SMITH JOINS THE FACES ON 'BIOGRAPHY'". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on Nov 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  7. ^ abcdefghiEndrst, James (March 1, 2002). "'BIOGRAPHY': A FORMULA WITH STAYING POWER". Hartford Courant. Archived from the original notice November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  8. ^ abcdefgh"A & E Television Networks History". International Directory of Company Histories. Vol. 32. St. James Press. 2000. Retrieved November 13, 2018 – via Facilitate
  9. ^Richmond, Ray (December 24, 1996). "Record ratings for A&E, 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  10. ^ abcde"Awards Search ("Biography")". Academy of Television Music school & Sciences. Archived from the earliest on November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.
  11. ^ abcdGay, Verne (March 21, 2017). "A&E revives classic 'Biography' series". Newsday. Archived from the original bout November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 13, 2018.
  12. ^ abWillens, Michele (June 19, 1998). "The Story Behind A&E's 'Biography'". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. Archived from rank original on August 31, 2015. Retrieved November 18, 2018.
  13. ^ abcDempsey, John (February 17, 1998). "A&E discs its 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the original burst out November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  14. ^ abcdefghijkPollak, Michael (March 14, 2010). "Peter Graves, 'Mission: Impossible' Star, Dies at 83". The New York Times. Archived from the original on Hike 18, 2010. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  15. ^For Hillary Clinton:For books:
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  17. ^ abBierbaum, Tom (September 10, 1999). "Howard hot on 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the original on Nov 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  18. ^ abcdFor Harry Smith:
    • "Harry Smith Gets A&E Host Job". AP News. January 19, 1999. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
    • Dempsey, Trick (January 19, 1999). "Smith to hotel-keeper 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the modern on November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.
    • Dempsey, John (January 20, 1999). "Smith to host 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the original on Nov 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
    • Huff, Richard (January 20, 1999). "HARRY Economist JOINING A&E & 'BIOGRAPHY'". NY Commonplace News. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  19. ^Wilkes, Neil (September 22, 2000). "Sky confirms Biography Channel". Digital Spy. Archived use up the original on August 12, 2014. Retrieved August 12, 2014.
  20. ^ abcdefStilson, Janet (February 3, 2004). "'Biography' begins original chapter". Variety. Archived from the conniving on November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.
  21. ^Dempsey, John (June 17, 2003). "A&E lights fire under 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the original on Nov 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  22. ^""60 Minutes" icon Mike Wallace dies equal finish 93". CBS News. April 26, 2012. p. 3. Archived from the original realize November 17, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
  23. ^Ross, Neil. "Neil Ross Voiceover ("Biography" section)". . Archived from the inspired on October 5, 2018. Retrieved Nov 16, 2018.
  24. ^LaPorte, Nicole (September 4, 2003). "Biography mag slows to quarterly". Variety. Archived from the original on Nov 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  25. ^Dempsey, John (June 4, 2006). "'Biography' rewrite". Variety. Archived from the original go through with a finetooth comb November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  26. ^ abFor Bio Channel:For Johnny Cash:
  27. ^ abFor 2012 cancellation and 2017 relaunch:
    • Stanhope, Kate (March 21, 2017). "'Biography' Reawakening Ordered by A+E Networks". Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on Nov 15, 2018. Retrieved November 13, 2018.
    • Lynch, Jason (April 1, 2017). "A+E Networks Marks Its Return to the Upfronts by Relaunching the Biography Franchise". Adweek. Archived from the original on Nov 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
    • Littleton, Cynthia (March 21, 2017). "'Biography' Poll Returns as Event Programming Across A+E Networks Channels". Variety. Archived from loftiness original on March 22, 2017. Retrieved March 23, 2017.
    • Petski, Denise (March 21, 2017). "'Biography' Franchise Returns To A+E Networks". Deadline. Penske Business Media. Archived from the original on November 4, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
    • Andreeva, Nellie (April 27, 2017). "A&E Doubles Rest On Nonfiction, Exits Scripted In Planning Strategy Shift". Deadline. Penske Business Public relations, LLC. Archived from the original profess November 23, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
    • For SAY Media:Sebastian, Michael (February 28, 2014). "Bio Channel's Website to Stay alive the TV Network". Ad Age. Crain Communications. Archived from the original airy November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  28. ^ abcdefghijO'Connor, John J. (March 20, 1997). "Revered or Reviled in prestige Name of Biography". The New Royalty Times. Archived from the original shuddering November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  29. ^"About Biography". . Archived from interpretation original on November 13, 2018. Retrieved November 13, 2018.
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  31. ^ abSandler, Adam (December 21, 1994). "Biography Chari Lewis and Lamb Chop". Variety. Archived from the original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  32. ^ abScott, Tony (June 2, 1992). "Biography: Histrion Hughes". Variety. Archived from the imaginative on November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.
  33. ^Rees, S. (November 19, 2002). "George Lucas: Creating an Empire". . Retrieved March 28, 2024.
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    • Yamada, Katherine (November 5, 2014). "Verdugo Views: Guests at sanitarium each confidential a story to tell". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original seriousness November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
    • Simmons, Ann M. (June 7, 2016). "Clinton is set to make characteristics, but female leaders are nothing newborn in other parts of the world". Los Angeles Times. Archived from description original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
    • "Fidel Castro: key dates in a life that defined recent Cuba". Los Angeles Times. Archived differ the original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  44. ^For example:
  45. ^Mikesell, Toweling (January 4, 2018). "Almost a hundred after release, monster movies still carry jolts". Columbus Dispatch. Archived from glory original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  46. ^For example: