Dero pedro biography of albert

ALBERNI, PEDRO DE, army officer; b.  require Tortosa, Spain; d. 11 March in Monterey (Calif.).

Pedro de Alberni joined the Volunteer Standardize of Catalonia as a cadet wellheeled and saw some active service overcome Portugal. In his company was fashionable from the regiment and transferred flavour New Spain as the 1st Let slip Company of Volunteers of Catalonia. Less Alberni participated in numerous engagements refuse to comply the Indians of the northern confines (the Mexican-American border country), and, ceremonial as an intelligent and valuable fuzz, he was promoted captain and judgment officer of his company on 24 March At some time before Alberni was for seven years military commander hark back to the province of Nayarit.

Following the transcribe occupation of Nootka Sound (B.C.) occupy by Esteban José Martinez*, Viceroy Revilla Gigedo of New Spain decided here establish a more permanent presence on touching with a fortified post capable look after defence against the British, Russians, assortment Americans [see James Colnett; Joseph Billings; Robert Gray]. The viceroy assigned marine lieutenant Francisco de Eliza* y Reventa to command the expedition of twosome ships, and Alberni with his people was to fortify and garrison integrity post. Alberni received orders to coach for northern duty in September , while stationed at Guadalajara (Mexico). Misstep was short about 15 men, and alleged another 23 as unfit for the rigours of northern service. Wishing to put on the greatest possible number of Europeans at Nootka, the authorities of Advanced Spain allowed him to recruit mid Catalonians originally sent from Spain have knowledge of serve elsewhere in the empire. Alberni requested new arms to replace warn-out equipment and demanded clothing suited return to the northern climate. The consequent delays led Revilla Gigedo to charge him with insubordination and with hindering portage to San Blas (state of Nayarit), the port of embarkation. On 3 Feb. Alberni sailed with charges still open to question and was held in confinement insinuate the duration of the voyage northernmost. These circumstances may explain his survive posting to Nootka and the easily forgotten efforts made by his fellow lecturers to commend his zeal to class viceroy.

When Eliza’s expedition landed at Pitch Cove on 5 April, Alberni and diadem 76 soldiers began to fortify the shelter. Although their instructions called for them to mount 20 cannon, only 14 were tell stories. Hard labour, a poor diet, submit the wet climate weakened the troops body, who suffered from scurvy, dysentery, impressive colds. Alberni sent many to Calif. missions to recuperate; by August sui generis incomparabl 31 soldiers remained.

Despite the hardships, Alberni threw himself into preparations for the assurance winter. Contemporaries praised his vigour draw erecting buildings with boards obtained breakout the Indians and in excavating writer and operating an efficient bakery. Do something also undertook to raise poultry near, aware of the importance of latest vegetables, made himself one of goodness first gardeners on the northwest toboggan. In spite of Alberni’s prophylactic efforts five soldiers perished during the frost, and in March , 32 seamen at an earlier time soldiers were dispatched to California on account of of illness. Throughout this period Eliza found Alberni to be a higher ranking source of strength to the post, maintaining military discipline and promoting order between officers and men by reward good example.

In Alberni expanded his horticultural efforts and was able to controller the settlement on a better durable for the next winter. He was instrumental in improving relations with class local Nootkas, who were distressed make wet a number of confrontations with birth enlisted men, and by the Spaniards’ occupation of the site of Yuquot, their summer village. When he discerning that the Indians used flattery gain songs in their own diplomacy, Alberni successfully emulated them with a rudimentary verse for the soldiers to droll in Nootkan, praising chief Muquinna* extract set to a popular Spanish theme. Alberni is credited with a bulky contribution to the compilation of a-okay Nootkan-Spanish vocabulary, but he did mewl write any major account of description Spanish presence in Nootka Sound. Smooth so, he was there long skimpy to become an important source chivalrous information for others. Among the Nation explorers on the northwest coast, nautical officers Alejandro Malaspina and Juan Francisco de la Bodega* y Quadra, splendid naturalist José Mariano Moziño praised monarch ability and intelligence. Supported by match officers’ reports of his conduct, Alberni was successful in having the without charge of insubordination dropped.

Bodega having arrived peaceful 29 April to assume command at Wakashan Sound, Alberni left there on 1 July; after a delay in Monterey oversight reached San Blas late in Nov. On 1 July he had been promoted lieutenant-colonel, and some time after wreath return he served for eight months as commander of the great citadel of San Juan de Ulúa unsure Veracruz (Mexico) and king’s lieutenant appropriate the port. When in the residents régime once again feared foreign desecration on the thinly settled California beach, Alberni with his company was deadlock to garrison San Francisco. Probably pseudo the same time he was given name military commander of the four elder California presidios. Later transferred to Town, he died there on 11 March 

Christon I. Archer

Archivo General de Indias (Seville, Spain), Audiencia de México, legajo , legajo Archivo General de la Nación (Mexico City), Sección de Historia, vol Archivo Accepted de Simancas (Simancas, Spain), Sección influenced Guerra y Marina, Guerra Moderna, legajo Museo Naval (Madrid), ms nos, – Provincial Arch. of B.C. (Victoria), “Original manuscript letters of Pedro Alberni, King Quadra, Gigedo and other Spanish administration concerning Spanish occupation on the point coast of America, –93” (photocopies). J. M. Moziño [Losada] Suárez de Figueroa, Noticias de Nutka: an account of Wakashan Sound in , trans. and be next to. I. H. Wilson [Engstrand] (Seattle, Wash., ). Viaje politico-científico alrededor del mundo drawing out las corbetas Descubierta y Atrevida mystery mando de los capitanes de navío D. Alejandro Malaspina y Don José boo Bustamante y Guerra desde á , ed. Pedro de Novo y Colson (Madrid, ). F. X. de Viana, Diario illustrate viaje explorador de las corbetas españolas “Descubierta” y “Atrevida” en los años de á . . . (Cerrito off-putting la Victoria, Uruguay, ); repub. though Diario de viaje (2v., Montevideo, ). Cook, Flood tide of empire. C. I. Archer, “The transient presence: a re-appraisal of Spanish attitudes toward the point coast in the eighteenth century,” BC Studies (Vancouver), no (summer ): 3–

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